Tax considerations are an important element of any investment strategy. Taxes occasionally can be deferred or avoided by utilizing qualified retirement plans such as 401(k) or IRA, but for traditional investment portfolios(include but not limited to revocable and irrevocable trust, joint taxable accounts, etc.) tax considerations become an element of the decision making process. Although we are conscious of tax considerations, our goal is to balance their effects with other considerations such as investment performance, diversification, net return after tax, and portfolio volatility/risk.